There are a lot of ways to go about this project. I am new to freelancer and could not manage to find any way to contact you for clarification. I will present a couple of ideas here, feel free to contact me to clarify. I can't tell if you are trying to scan something of finite length or operate the sensor as constant stream of data for one.
Assuming you only have finite length scanning, I believe the easiest route is to use the LM9833. This will yield a working solution with minimum part count, almost off the shelf drivers. Pretty easy solution.
If you need video source, we may need to do something more complicated. What to do here depends on your other needs, such as unit cost and physical size of the device. The LM98725 is probably a workable AFE. Attaching this to USB is a little more difficult. One method would be to use FPGA+SDRAM+PHY to achieve high quality buffering. This would likely require a large FPGA and have high unit cost.
If dropped data is not much of a concern, or the host machines are of known configuration, it may be possible to get rid of the buffer. In which case I would recommend using something like a Kinetis USB microcontroller along with a small CPLD/FPGA to convert between the AFE's databus and the Kinetis memory mapped i/o. I see this as being potentially cheap. BOM cost being only a few $.
Finishing this design will require prototype to be built. Parts and PCB must be paid by you and lead time does not count towards the 30 days.